The Z-score or standard score is a numerical measurement of a value’s relationship to the arithemic mean of the data set. The Z-score is the signed number of standard deviations by which the current value of a data point is above the mean value or below the mean value as calculated for the selected lookback period.
For a normally distributed sample 95.8% of the z-scores of all data points fall within the range [-2, +2]. A Z-score of 0 indicates that the data point is identical with the arithmetic mean of the data set.
The Z-score is a normalized oscillator that can be used to identify extreme readings of the input series. The Z-score is calculated by dividing the absolute difference between a data point and the arithmetic mean by the standard deviation.
One of the main applications of the Z-score is that it can be used to normalize any oscillator. For example, the MACD is a non-normalized oscillator which does not pass the c-test introduced by William Eckhardt. However, when the Z-score is used to normalize the MACD, the resulting oscillator uses a normalized scale and will pass the c-test. The normalized MACD is obtained, when the MACD is used as the input series for the Z-score.
The N-Monthly VWAP is the volume-weighted average price (VWAP) of a security for the selected N-month period. The VWAP gives a fair reflection of the market conditions throughout the selected period and is one of the most popular benchmarks used by large traders.
The N-Monthly VWAP can be set to calculate for the entireperiod or it can be set to calculate for custom hours such as the regular session only. The VWAP further comes with volume-weighted standard deviation bands or quarter range bands. Although the VWAP uses volume information, it is best set to “Calculate” = “On price change”. It is not necessary to recalculate it with each incoming tick.
Trading hours template: The trading hours template should be set to <instrument settings> or any other trading hours template that reflects the contractual trading hours of the instrument.
Full_Session: The VWAP will be calculated for the full session as selected per trading hours template.
Custom_Hours: You may select custom hours for calculating the VWAP in different time zones.
Standard_Deviation: The volatility bands are calculated as a selectable multiple of the standard deviation, where the standard deviation is calculated for the selected session and week.
Quarter_Range: The volatility bands are calculated as a selectable multiple of the quarter range for the current month.
Accuracy: The indicator calculates both VWAP and volatility bands from the primary bars shown on the chart. All data points of each bar are used for the calculation in order to obtain the best possible result. However, accuracy also depends on the chart resolution. Accuracy increases as trading volume accumulates.
The Current Month VWAP is the volume-weighted average price (VWAP) of a security for the current month. The VWAP gives a fair reflection of the market conditions throughout the trading month and is one of the most popular benchmarks used by large traders.
The Current Month VWAP can be set to calculate for the entire trading month or it can be set to calculate for custom hours such as the regular session only. The VWAP further comes with volume-weighted standard deviation bands or quarter range bands. Although the VWAP uses volume information, it is best set to “Calculate” = “On price change”. It is not necessary to recalculate it with each incoming tick.
Trading hours template: The trading hours template should be set to <instrument settings> or any other trading hours template that reflects the contractual trading hours of the instrument.
Full_Session: The VWAP will be calculated for the full session as selected per trading hours template.
Custom_Hours: You may select custom hours for calculating the VWAP in different time zones.
Standard_Deviation: The volatility bands are calculated as a selectable multiple of the standard deviation, where the standard deviation is calculated for the selected session and week.
Quarter_Range: The volatility bands are calculated as a selectable multiple of the quarter range for the current month.
Accuracy: The indicator calculates both VWAP and volatility bands from the primary bars shown on the chart. All data points of each bar are used for the calculation in order to obtain the best possible result. However, accuracy also depends on the chart resolution. Accuracy increases as trading volume accumulates.
The Current Week VWAP is the volume-weighted average price (VWAP) of a security for the current week. The VWAP gives a fair reflection of the market conditions throughout the trading week and is one of the most popular benchmarks used by large traders.
The Current Week VWAP can be set to calculate for the entire trading week or it can be set to calculate for custom hours such as the regular session only. The VWAP further comes with volume-weighted standard deviation bands or quarter range bands. Although the VWAP uses volume information, it is best set to “Calculate” = “On price change”. It is not necessary to recalculate it with each incoming tick.
Trading hours template: The trading hours template should be set to <instrument settings> or any other trading hours template that reflects the contractual trading hours of the instrument.
Full_Session: The VWAP will be calculated for the full session as selected per trading hours template.
Custom_Hours: You may select custom hours for calculating the VWAP in different time zones.
Standard_Deviation: The volatility bands are calculated as a selectable multiple of the standard deviation, where the standard deviation is calculated for the selected session and week.
Quarter_Range: The volatility bands are calculated as a selectable multiple of the quarter range for the current week.
Accuracy: The indicator calculates both VWAP and volatility bands from the primary bars shown on the chart. All data points of each bar are used for the calculation in order to obtain the best possible result. However, accuracy also depends on the chart resolution. Accuracy increases as trading volume accumulates.
The Current Day VWAP is the volume-weighted average price (VWAP) of a security for the current day’s trading session. The VWAP gives a fair reflection of the market conditions throughout the trading day and is probably the most popular benchmark used by large traders.
The Current Day VWAP can be set to calculate for the entire trading day or it can be set to calculate for custom hours such as the regular session only. The VWAP further comes with volume-weighted standard deviation bands or quarter range bands. Although the VWAP uses volume information, it is best set to “Calculate” = “On price change”. It is not necessary to recalculate it with each incoming tick.
Trading hours template: The trading hours template should be set to <instrument settings> or any other trading hours template that reflects the contractual trading hours of the instrument.
Full_Session: The VWAP will be calculated for the full session as selected per trading hours template.
Custom_Hours: You may select custom hours for calculating the VWAP in different time zones.
Standard_Deviation: The volatility bands are calculated as a selectable multiple of the standard deviation, where the standard deviation is calculated for the selected session.
Quarter_Range: The volatility bands are calculated as a selectable multiple of the quarter range for the current session.
Accuracy: The indicator calculates both VWAP and volatility bands from the primary bars shown on the chart. All data points of each bar are used for the calculation in order to obtain the best possible result. However, accuracy also depends on the chart resolution. Accuracy increases as trading volume accumulates. Therefore it is recommended to select an early anchor point and only use VWAP and volatility bands once they have stabilized.
The indicator displays the Volume Weighted Average Price of the selected session. It can be used on all types of charts.
You can apply the indicators to charts with several intraday sessions. You can then select via indicator panel, for which session the VWAP shall be shown.
ETH session: The VWAP will be calculated for the full session, if ETH is selected via indicator dialogue.
RTH session: It is possible to display the VWAP for the RTH session or the night session. Set indicator to RTH and select the number of the session, for example "First" for the night session and "Second" for the RTH session.
Volatility Bands: The indicators has three different modes to calculate volatility bands. For each of the modes multipliers can be selected.
Variance_Price: The variance is calculated from the selected input values of the price bars and the last known value for the VWAP within the current session. This way of calculating the bands is similar to calculating Bollinger Bands with a variable period starting with the first bar of the session.
Variance_Distance: The variance is calculated from the selected input values of the price bars and the value for the VWAP corresponding to price. It is a variance of the vertical distance of price from VWAP. This method corrects for a trend and produces slightly narrower bands on a trending day.
Session_Range: The quarter range of the current session is used as a measure of volatility instead of the standard deviation.
Colors: Different colors can be selected for rising and falling VWAP. Also colors and opacities can be selected for the areas between the inner bands, middle bands and outer bands.
Update January 03, 2015: Bug removed. Indicator did not work with setting "Monthly".
The indicator displays the Time Weighted Average Price of the selected session. It can be used on all types of charts.
You can apply the indicators to charts with several intraday sessions. You can then select via indicator panel, for which session theTWAP shall be shown.
Use with time-based charts: On minute and second chart, it will use an equal weight for all bars to calculate the average price of the selected session.
Use with tick based charts: On tick based charts it will apply a weight to each bar, which is the smaller of (timestamp of current bar - timestamp of previous bar) and (timestamp of current bar - session start time). There is one specific case, where this may cause a problem. The technical break of CME index futures from 3:15 PM to 3:30 PM CT is not taken into account by the session template, if an ETH session is used. In this case the first bar after the break will be overweighted. To avoid that problem use the default setting for the technical break for Globex index futures, which will eliminate the impact of the technical break.
ETH session: The TWAP will be calculated for the full session, if ETH is selected via indicator dialogue.
RTH session: It is possible to display the TWAP for the RTH session or the night session. Set indicator to RTH and select the number of the session, for example "First" for the night session and "Second" for the RTH session.
Volatility Bands: The indicators has three different modes to calculate volatility bands. For each of the modes multipliers can be selected.
Variance_Price: The variance is calculated from the selected input values of the price bars and the last known value for the VWAP within the current session. This way of calculating the bands is similar to calculating Bollinger Bands with a variable period starting with the first bar of the session.
Variance_Distance: The variance is calculated from the selected input values of the price bars and the value for the VWAP corresponding to price. It is a variance of the vertical distance of price from VWAP. This method corrects for a trend and produces slightly narrower bands on a trending day.
Session_Range: The quarter range of the current session is used as a measure of volatility instead of the standard deviation.
Public Holidays: For Globex instruments the indicator will display the ETH TWAP for the two-day-session including a public holiday. The indicator is preconfigured for the Globex holiday calendar.
Colors: Different colors can be selected for rising and falling TWAP. Also colors and opacities can be selected for the areas between the inner bands, middle bands and outer bands.
Update March 30, 2013: Algorithm improved for both speed and accuracy. VWAP start time can be selected.
Update April 11, 2013: Plot modified for compatibility with charts built from multiple bar series.
Update May 10, 2013: Bug removed, which led to occasional false identification of the RTH session on charts built from ticks.
Update December 28, 2014: Holiday calendar added for 2015. Price markers improved for US interest rate futures.
The indicator displays the Time Weighted Average Price of the selected session. It can be used on all types of charts.
You can apply the indicators to charts with several intraday sessions. You can then select via indicator panel, for which session theTWAP shall be shown.
Use with time-based charts: On minute and second chart, it will use an equal weight for all bars to calculate the average price of the selected session.
Use with tick based charts: On tick based charts it will apply a weight to each bar, which is the smaller of (timestamp of current bar - timestamp of previous bar) and (timestamp of current bar - session start time). There is one specific case, where this may cause a problem. The technical break of CME index futures from 3:15 PM to 3:30 PM CT is not taken into account by the session template, if an ETH session is used. In this case the first bar after the break will be overweighted. To avoid that problem use the default setting for the technical break for Globex index futures, which will eliminate the impact of the technical break.
ETH session: The TWAP will be calculated for the full session, if ETH is selected via indicator dialogue.
RTH session: It is possible to display the TWAP for the RTH session or the night session. Set indicator to RTH and select the number of the session, for example "First" for the night session and "Second" for the RTH session.
Volatility Bands: The indicators has three different modes to calculate volatility bands. For each of the modes multipliers can be selected.
Variance_Price: The variance is calculated from the selected input values of the price bars and the last known value for the VWAP within the current session. This way of calculating the bands is similar to calculating Bollinger Bands with a variable period starting with the first bar of the session.
Variance_Distance: The variance is calculated from the selected input values of the price bars and the value for the VWAP corresponding to price. It is a variance of the vertical distance of price from VWAP. This method corrects for a trend and produces slightly narrower bands on a trending day.
Session_Range: The quarter range of the current session is used as a measure of volatility instead of the standard deviation.
Public Holidays: For Globex instruments the indicator will display the ETH TWAP for the two-day-session including a public holiday. The indicator is preconfigured for the Globex holiday calendar.
Colors: Different colors can be selected for rising and falling TWAP. Also colors and opacities can be selected for the areas between the inner bands, middle bands and outer bands.
Update March 30, 2013: Algorithm improved for both speed and accuracy. VWAP start time can be selected.
Update April 11, 2013: Plot modified for compatibility with charts built from multiple bar series.
Update May 10, 2013: Bug removed, which led to occasional false identification of the RTH session on charts built from ticks.
Update December 9, 2013: Holiday calendar added for 2014.
Update December 28, 2014: Holiday calendar added for 2015. Price markers improved for US interest rate futures.
The indicator displays the Time Weighted Average Price of the selected session. It can be used on all types of charts.
You can apply the indicators to charts with several intraday sessions. You can then select via indicator panel, for which session theTWAP shall be shown.
Use with time-based charts: On minute and second chart, it will use an equal weight for all bars to calculate the average price of the selected session.
Use with tick based charts: On tick based charts it will apply a weight to each bar, which is the smaller of (timestamp of current bar - timestamp of previous bar) and (timestamp of current bar - session start time). There is one specific case, where this may cause a problem. The technical break of CME index futures from 3:15 PM to 3:30 PM CT is not taken into account by the session template, if an ETH session is used. In this case the first bar after the break will be overweighted. To avoid that problem use the default setting for the technical break for Globex index futures, which will eliminate the impact of the technical break.
ETH session: The TWAP will be calculated for the full session, if ETH is selected via indicator dialogue.
RTH session: It is possible to display the TWAP for the RTH session or the night session. Set indicator to RTH and select the number of the session, for example "First" for the night session and "Second" for the RTH session.
RTH multi: The TWAP will be displayed starting from the open of the RTH session as specified and then continue through the after session.
Volatility Bands: The indicators has three different modes to calculate volatility bands. For each of the modes multipliers can be selected.
Variance_Price: The variance is calculated from the selected input values of the price bars and the last known value for the VWAP within the current session. This way of calculating the bands is similar to calculating Bollinger Bands with a variable period starting with the first bar of the session.
Variance_Distance: The variance is calculated from the selected input values of the price bars and the value for the VWAP corresponding to price. It is a variance of the vertical distance of price from VWAP. This method corrects for a trend and produces slightly narrower bands on a trending day.
Session_Range: The quarter range of the current session is used as a measure of volatility instead of the standard deviation.
Public Holidays: For Globex instruments the indicator will display the ETH TWAP for the two-day-session including a public holiday. The indicator is preconfigured for the Globex holiday calendar.
Colors: Different colors can be selected for rising and falling TWAP. Also colors and opacities can be selected for the areas between the inner bands, middle bands and outer bands.
Update Jan 23, 2011: Globex holiday calendar for 2011 added. Holiday sessions will only be applied to Globex instruments. Indicators now also work on tick and volume charts.
Update May 17, 2011: New signature for GetNextBeginEnd() implemented.
Update June 15,2011: TWAP can now be displayed for RTH and after-session, see option RTH-multi. Three different types of TWAP bands added.
Update July 26, 2011: SessionTWAP uses (high + low + open + close) / 4 for higher accuracy. Adapted to different plot styles.
Update January 25, 2012: Globex holiday calendar for 2012 added. Small bug removed, which had affected the plot colors.
Update July 4, 2012: Serialization of plot parameters changed.
Update February 23, 2013: Plot recoded & CPU efficiency improved, Globex holiday calendar for 2013 added.
Update March 30, 2013: Algorithm improved for both speed and accuracy. VWAP start time can be selected.
Update April 11, 2013: Plot modified for compatibility with charts built from multiple bar series.
Update May 10, 2013: Bug removed, which led to occasional false identification of the RTH session on charts built from ticks.
Update December 9, 2013: Holiday calendar added for 2014.
Update December 28, 2014: Holiday calendar added for 2015. Price markers improved for US interest rate futures.